Introduction and Objectives:  Anemia during pregnancy is considered a serious and unique health problem, especially in developing countries where the intake of iron rich foods is minimal. The Governorate of Tafileh is believed to be a low socioeconomic community where inappropriate nutritional practices and behaviors that lead to anemia are thought to be common. This study aims at identifying the prevalence rate of anemia during pregnancy and at identifying the relationship between anemia and various behavioral and demographic factors. The study also aims at decreasing anemia prevalence among pregnant women who visit the MCH centers in Tafileh by launching a structured health education program about anemia and its effects. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was done in order to: a) study the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in Tafileh Governorate during the first trimester of pregnancy, and b) define the relationship between anemia and some selected demographic variables and variables related to knowledge, attitudes, and practices. In addition, placing selected pregnant women into two groups, experimental and control encompassed a quasi-experimental study. The experimental group received the intervention consisting of a complete heath education program provided through lecturing, distribution of a health education leaflets that focused on anemia and its prevention during pregnancy, and counseling. No interventions were undertaken for the control group. To define the two groups of the study all Tafileh Maternal and Child Health Centers (MCHCs) were divided into two equal groups according to the annual number of visits. In order to measure the effectiveness of the health education program, the two groups were followed up and hemoglobin values were measured at the end of the third trimester (posttest) and compared with the values collected prior to the intervention (pretest). A sample of at least 80 women from each intervention and control groups was calculated to represent pregnant women in Tafileh during the year 2000. Collected data was tabulated and entered into the computer using the SPSS program. Analysis for determining the relationship of anemia with other variables was done using relevant statistical tests and a 95% confidence level. Results: The study population consisted of 191 women selected from MOH Maternal and Child Health Centers (MCHCs). There were 100 women in the control group and 91 in the intervention group. The mean age for the study population was 26.4 years, the average years of schooling was 10.6 years. The average family income was 180.7 JD per month, the average monthly income for the individual was 30.7 JD. The average number of family members was 4.4 individuals. No significant variation was found in the demographic composition of the control and intervention group. While the average pregnancy duration at the pretest stage was 12.3 weeks, the percentage of Primi-gravida was 28.8%. The average number of previous pregnancies was 3.75 pregnancies and the average number of abortions was 0.69 per woman. In addition, the average number of previous deliveries was 3.06 delivery per women. Results also indicated that 52.9% of women with multiple pregnancies had used family planning methods before. Results also revealed that 72.3% of the study population was used to drinking tea with their meals or shortly after, and that only 46.6% took iron and vitamin supplement pills. Those who reported consuming iron rich foods comprised 63.8% of the population. Almost all of the women in the study (97.4%) reported a preference for a female physician at the MCHC. More than half of the women (53%) in the study reported that iron and vitamin pills were not constantly available at the MCHCs. Analysis showed that 31% of the women reported being visited by a health care team member during their last pregnancy thus indicating some weakness in following up the women at their homes. The overall average hemoglobin value among pregnant women during their first trimester (pretest stage) was 11.8g/dl. The prevalence of anemia at this stage was 19.4% (12.6% mild, 6.8% moderate, and 0% severe), with 20% anemia prevalence for the intervention group and 18.7% for the control group. Analysis of hemoglobin values during the last pregnancy trimester (posttest stage) showed an average hemoglobin value of 11.2g/dl. Anemia prevalence rate during this stage was 33.3% (22.5 mild, 10.5% moderate, and 0% severe), with 19.2% prevalence for the intervention group and 48.9% for the control group. A positive relationship was detected between anemia and each of: age of mother, family size, number of deliveries, and abortions. On the other hand, the relationship between anemia and average monthly family income, iron/vitamin pill intake as well as knowledge and consumption of iron rich foods was negative. Furthermore, no significant relationship was detected between anemia and each of the following: employment, level of education, and use of family planning. Accordingly, it can be concluded that the major objective of the study (decreasing the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women) was not directly accomplished. Moreover, the major achievement of this study was the ability to maintain the level of anemia prevalence within the intervention group while concurrently attaining an increase of over 160% in the intervention group, at the end of pregnancy. While considering the similarity in variables that might affect anemia in the control and intervention group at the pretest stage and refraining from carrying out the intervention, the outcome of the intervention group would have been similar to that of the control group. Recommendations: This study resulted in several recommendations, mainly: - The adoption of a comprehensive national strategy for the prevention of anemia during pregnancy. - The encouragement of research in the area of anemia prevalence. - The incorporation of an anemia health education program in all MCHCs in the Kingdom of Jordan.